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To assess the correlation between thyroid function and glucolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetic adults. A retrospective analysis was conducted in 230 type 1 diabetic adults who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2008 to January 2020. It showed that thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) was significantly positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) ( r=0.239), triglycerides (TG) ( r=0.166) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( r=0.249), respectively (all P<0.05). Free triiodothyronine (FT 3) was significantly negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ( r=-0.272), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ( r=-0.240), TC ( r=-0.197) and LDL-C ( r=-0.220), respectively (all P<0.05). Free thyroxine (FT 4) was negatively correlated with TC ( r=-0.171) and LDL-C ( r=-0.170), respectively (all P<0.05). TC was an independent predictor of TSH, FT 3 and FT 4, FT 3 and FT 4 were independent predictors of HbA1c. TSH was an independent predictor of TC, TG and LDL-C. Thyroid function is closely related to glucolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetic adults.
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Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula is effective in treating mental retardation and speech astringency caused by cerebral thrombosis, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this investigation, by collecting the chemical constituents from Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula and the targets related to stroke, we obtained 1 251 constituents from the formula and 10 drug targets related with stroke. We established 18 prediction models of compound-target interaction for 10 stroke-related targets, using molecular docking method and machine learning methods includes Naive Bayesian and recursive partitioning based on the input of molecular fingerprints and molecular descriptors. Using these models, we predicted the active chemical constituents from Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula and their drug targets, 153 potential active constituents were discovered, 22 among them could interact with at least two drug targets related with stroke. On this basis, the chemical constituent-target network was constructed using network construction software, and then the important metabolic pathways of the targets were identified by using Gene-Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, such as blood coagulation, positive regulation of angiogenesis, positive regulation of ion transport and so on. On this basis, a target-pathway network was constructed. In conclusion, using machine learning, molecular docking, virtual screening, data mining and network construction, this study explored and partially revealed the active chemical constituents and chemical constituent-target-pathway network action mechanism of Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula against stroke, which will provide important information for its further study.
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Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a frequent complication of ischemic stroke, especially after thrombolytic therapy. This event is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), the only FDA proved drug for breaking blood clots, is underutilized in ischemic stroke, because of its limited therapeutic window and hemorrhagic complications. Due to the lack of clear understanding of the pathological mechanism, there are no effective drugs to decrease the incidence of HT. Pinocembrin is a natural flavonoid compound and has neuroprotective effects in animal ischemic stroke models. In this study, we investigated the role of pinocembrin in t-PA thrombolysis-induced HT in rat thromboembolic stroke model. t-PA was administrated 6 h after ischemia and pinocembrin (5, 10 and 20 mg·kg-1) was given 5 min before t-PA administration. Infarct volume, neurological score and hemoglobin content were evaluated at 24 h after ischemia. Evans blue leakage was used to detect blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that treatment with t-PA at 6 h after ischemia aggravated brain injury and increased the risk of HT, with infarct volume and brain water content reached 39% and 83.4%, respectively. Pretreatment with pinocembrin decreased the infarct volume and brain water content to 28.5% and 80.3%, and improved neurological function. In addition, the combined application of pinocembrin with t-PA reduced hemoglobin content and Evans blue content in brain tissue by 50% and 40%, indicating that pinocembrin could protect the BBB permeability and reduce the occurrence of HT. Among these doses, 10 mg·kg-1 is most effective. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of pinocembrin with t-PA protects against cerebral ischemia, reduces the occurrence of HT induced by t-PA thrombolysis. Thus, pinocembrin may be a potential therapeutic drug for t-PA induced HT.
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This study was designed to compare the antithrombotic effects of salvianolic acid A and aspirin. The anti-platelet aggregation and anticoagulant effects of salvianolic acid A and aspirin in vitro and in vivo were investigated in normal rats. The anti-cerebral ischemia and anti-platelet aggregation effects of salvianolic acid A and aspirin were also investigated in rats with thrombotic cerebral ischemia. All animal care and experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The results of antiplatelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo showed that salvianolic acid A could mildly inhibit adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA) and thrombin (THR)-induced antiplatelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, while aspirin played a strong inhibitory effect on AA-induced platelet aggregation in vivo. The effects of salvianolic acid A and aspirin on the coagulation system were similar. At the same time, the results of maximum platelet aggregation rate (MAR) in the rat cerebral ischemia model [MARADP= (41.67±4.55)%, MARAA= (53.22±2.83)%, MARTHR= (73.33±5.04)%] indicated that salvianolic acid A could mildly inhibit ADP and AA-induced antiplatelet aggregation [MARADP= (26.13±4.60)%, MARAA= (35.53±13.73)%, P<0.01], while aspirin played a strong inhibitory effect on AA-induced platelet aggregation [MARAA= (8.13±2.99)%]. Salvianolic acid A (10 mg·kg-1) significantly improved the neurological function, cerebral infarction volume [(10.77±7.80)%] and brain edema [(79.72±0.83)%] compared with the model group [(43.50±12.69)%, (82.25±0.89)%] (P<0.01), while the effect of aspirin (100 mg·kg-1) was not obvious. The above results suggest that compared with aspirin, salvianolic acid A provided a mild inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and protected against cerebral ischemia induced by thrombus. Therefore, salvianolic acid A has a good application prospect in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication of ischemic stroke, especially after thrombolytic therapy, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) increases the rate of HT by as much as 10-fold, and the mortality by about 60%. The patients who are eligible for t-PA treatment are still between 3.4% and 5.2% of all patients with acute ischemic stroke because of the narrow therapeutic time window. Due to the unknown mechanism and therapeutic target of HT, there are no effective drugs to decrease the incidence of HT. The main mechanism of HT is disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neurovascular homeostasis, involving a variety of molecular signaling pathways. In animal and clinical studies, combining therapeutic agents with t-PA, which may help to minimize BBB perturbations, reduces the incidence of HT and increases the safety of thrombolytic therapy. This article is prepared to review the mechanisms, targets and therapeutic drugs of t-PA induced HT in recent years to provide a reference to the basic research and drug development of HT.
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Objective To analyze the CT and MR imaging characteristics of the subcutaneous and organ lesions of uvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) in children.Methods The CT and MR images of the head,chest,abdomen and subcutaneous soft tissue of 11 patients (6 females and 5 males,aged 2 months-12 years old,median age 8 months old) with JXG from 2006 to 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Eight patients underwent CT scan and/or contrast-enhanced CT scan,and 7 patients underwent MRI and/or MRI and contrast-enhancement MRI.Results In 11 cases of JXG,5 cases were classified as simple skin type,involving the skin and deep soft tissue in the right posterior neck,the right frontal and parietal parts of the head,the nose root,and the fat layer and the deep muscle in the extremities.The lesions were the subcutaneous soft tissue nodules or mass showing isodensity on CT or high signal on T2WI.And the other 6 cases were classified as systemic type whose lesions involved one or more than one part except the skin.In the 6 cases,3 cases involved the central nervous system,including the pituitary gland,cerebral hemisphere,cerebellum,brain stem,basal ganglia,thalamus,optic chiasma and spinal cord.The lesions of the pituitary gland were manifested as pituitary enlargement,thickening of the pituitary stalk,and disappearance of high signal on T1WI in the neurohypophysis.The brain parenchyma,the spinal cord and the optic chiasma showed multiple flake or nodular masses,which were iso/low signal on T1WI,low / high signal on T2WI,diffusion restricted,and enhanced markedly.Two cases involved lung tissue,and their lesions showed diffuse or scattered multiple cloudy shadow,reticular opacity,strip and small nodule shadow on chest CT.There was pleural effusion in one case.Two cases involved the livers and 2 cases involved the kidneys,showing multiple nodules with low signal on T2,WI and slight enhancement.One case involving the pancreas showed a low density in the head of the pancreas and slight enhancement on CT.One case involving the greater omentum,chest wall and peritoneum showed thickening of the corresponding tissues on CT.Conclusions Subcutaneous and systemic lesions of JXG show some characteristics on CT and MRI images.The main manifestations are single or multiple nodulars,which are diffusely distributed and vary in size in subcutaneous soft tissue and various organs.The combination of imaging appearances,clinical manifestations and biopsy has important clinical significance for the correct diagnosis and evaluation of JXG.
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Objective To observe the influence of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) on necroptosis and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in mice with retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI).Methods Together 60 wild-type C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n =20),and they were control group,experimental group and blank group.Firstly,as for investigation the effect of Nec-I on necroptosis,15 mice in the blank group left untreated,15 mice in the experimental group were injected with 2 μL Nec-1 (2 mol · L-1) intravitreally,and 15 in the control group without pretreatment.After 4 h,the RIRI model was established by anterior chamber perfusion in the latter two groups.Then retinas in 5 mice in each group were harvested 3 days after ischemia reperfusion injury for Western blot,immunofluorescence quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,RIP3,RIP1 and Caspase-8.Secondly,the rest of 5 mice in 20 of each group were collected and retrogradely labeled with fluoro-gold (FG) to explored the influence of Nec-1 on RGC.Mice in the blank group left untreated.Mice in the experimental group were injected with 2 μL Nec-1 (2 mol · L-1) intravitreally,while the control group was not treated anything 7 days after fluorescence labeling;after 4 h,the RIRI model was established by anterior chamber perfusion in the two groups.The retinal tissue was harvested and RGC counting was performed 3 days after ischemia reperfusion injury.Results When compared with control group,mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,RIP3 and RIP1 in the experimental group were decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.001),but Caspase-8 mRNA did not change obviously (P =0.654 8).Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed that RIP3 expression decreased dramatically in the experimental group when compared with the control group.FG labeled RGC counting presented that RGC number of each field in experimental group was significantly larger than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.001).Couclusion Nec-1 can block necroptosis and significantly increase RGC number in mice model of experimental RIRI.
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Objective To observe the influence of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) on necroptosis and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in mice with retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI).Methods Together 60 wild-type C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n =20),and they were control group,experimental group and blank group.Firstly,as for investigation the effect of Nec-I on necroptosis,15 mice in the blank group left untreated,15 mice in the experimental group were injected with 2 μL Nec-1 (2 mol · L-1) intravitreally,and 15 in the control group without pretreatment.After 4 h,the RIRI model was established by anterior chamber perfusion in the latter two groups.Then retinas in 5 mice in each group were harvested 3 days after ischemia reperfusion injury for Western blot,immunofluorescence quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,RIP3,RIP1 and Caspase-8.Secondly,the rest of 5 mice in 20 of each group were collected and retrogradely labeled with fluoro-gold (FG) to explored the influence of Nec-1 on RGC.Mice in the blank group left untreated.Mice in the experimental group were injected with 2 μL Nec-1 (2 mol · L-1) intravitreally,while the control group was not treated anything 7 days after fluorescence labeling;after 4 h,the RIRI model was established by anterior chamber perfusion in the two groups.The retinal tissue was harvested and RGC counting was performed 3 days after ischemia reperfusion injury.Results When compared with control group,mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,RIP3 and RIP1 in the experimental group were decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.001),but Caspase-8 mRNA did not change obviously (P =0.654 8).Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed that RIP3 expression decreased dramatically in the experimental group when compared with the control group.FG labeled RGC counting presented that RGC number of each field in experimental group was significantly larger than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.001).Couclusion Nec-1 can block necroptosis and significantly increase RGC number in mice model of experimental RIRI.
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Objective To investigate the effects of colchicine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs) in vitro.Methods HTCFs were cultured in vitro,and the subcultured cells were identified.MTS assay was used to observe the inhibitory actions of colchicine on HTCFs at different concentrations.The apoptotic rates of the cells were detected by flow cytometry.The apoptosisrelated proteins,including PARP,Caspase-9,Caspase-3 and active-Caspase-3,were detected by Western blot.Results MTS assay showed that colchicine inhibited the proliferation of HTCFs in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Flow cytometry showed that colchicine induced a dose-dependent apoptosis of HTCFs for 48 hours,the apoptotic rates of 5 μmol · L-1,10 μmol · L-1 and 20 μmol · L-1 were (18.37 ±4.26)％,(33.80 ±5.02)％ and (52.00 ± 2.00)％,respectively,there were significant differences compared with the control (F =91.59,P ＜ 0.001).Western blot showed the activation of Caspase-3 and PARP followed by colchicine treatment.Conclusion Colchicine significantly inhibits the proliferation of HTCFs in vitro,and induced apoptosis,which may be associated with the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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Objective:To compare the clinical effect of anterior and posterior resection,bone grafting and internal fixation on the spinal tuberculosis.Methods:82 cases of patients with spinal tuberculosis in our hospital from February 2014 to August 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 41 cases in each group.Both groups received conventional anti tuberculosis treament and underwent debridement bone graft and internal fixation treatment,the control group underwent anterior internal fixation,while the observation group underwent posterior internal fixation.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,low back pain relief time,ambulation time and hospitalization time were compared between two groups.All patients were followed up for 6 months,the Frankel grade and serum Thl7 cell related factors levels were compared between two groups before and after operation.Results:The low back pain relief time,ambulation time and hospitalization time of observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P＜0.01).After operation,the Frankel classification grade A and B ratio of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05),the serum IL-10,IL-17,IL-23 and TGF-beta 1 levels were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Anterior resection combined with posterior bone graft inFixation could effectively promote the rehabilitation of spinal tuberculosis,reduce the severity of spinal injury,relieve the inflammatory response and promote the recovery of immune function.
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In the present study, the specifically knockdown models of P-gp or MRP2 were constructed by using a series of chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. The expression of P-gp and MRP2 was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, and the function was evaluated by applying P-gp and MRP2 substrate, rhodamine and methotrexate. The results showed that MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2 significantly decreased the mRNA expression of MRP2 or P-gp, the inhibition ratio was 68% or 84%; MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2 at a dose of 80 nmol x L(-1) significantly reduced the protein expression of MRP2 or P-gp at 48 h after treatment, the inhibition ratio was 62% or 70%. Meanwhile, other transporters were not influenced by siRNA. When pretreatment with MRP2 siRNA-3 or P-gp siRNA-2, the efflux of methotrexate or rhodamine decreased significantly and the intra-cellular concentration increased. The results suggested that chemically synthesized siRNA could significantly inhibit the expression and function of MRP2 and P-gp, and the model of RNAi in vitro could be used to evaluate the role of efflux transporters in transportation of drugs.
Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 , Genetics , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins , Genetics , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective To study clinical ultrasonography characteristics on parathyroid cysts , so as to avoid misdiagnosis of that in clinic . [ Methods] The ultrasonic image data on parathyroid cyst of 3 misdiagnosed cases hospitalized from June 2012 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed . [ Results] The foci of 3 cases were located in the dorsal area under the left lobe distal polar of thyroid , and were con-firmed by surgery and pathology .The common performance of ultrasonic images:round or oval anechoic ar-ea, clear boundary , integrity membrane , thin and smooth wall .The envelop between parathyroid cyst and thyroid presented with acute angle . [ Conclusion] In thyroid ultrasonic examination , lesions in the par-athyroid gland area , especially around the inferior pole of thyroid , should be considered to be differentiated from that of parathyroid disease .
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A simple and quick method is described for the determination of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A and ligustilide in rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The 5 active ingredients in the sample was extracted using 40% ethanol and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatography separation was performed using Agilent 1100 series HPLC system with a Symmetry C18 column and gradient elution with a mixture of three solvents : solvent A, acetonitrile, solvent B, methanol and solvent C, 1% aqueous acetic acid, 0 min to 5 min A: B: C 20: 40: 40, 5 min to 30 min A: B: C 60 to 100 : 0 : 40 to 0. The effluent was monitored using a VWD detector set at 321 nm (0-4.3 min) and 275 nm (4.31-30 min). The flow rate was set at 1 mL x min(-1) and the injection volume was 10 microL. The column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The calibration curve was linear (r > or = 0.99) over the tested ranges. The average recovery was 94.44%-103.1% (n = 6). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis in different harvest periods of L. chuanxiong samples. In this paper, single-factor randomized block design to study the 5 components content of L. chuanxiong on ten collecting stages. For the L. chuanxiong collected from April 15th to May 30rd, the content of 5 ingredients increased primarily, and then decreased. Determine the appropriate harvest time has important significance to the promotion of the quality of L. chuanxiong.
Subject(s)
4-Butyrolactone , Acetic Acid , Chemistry , Acetonitriles , Chemistry , Benzofurans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Coumaric Acids , Ligusticum , Chemistry , Methanol , Chemistry , Solvents , Chemistry , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A 73-year-old man developed a skin-colored granule-sized papule on the scrotum 10 years prior to the presentation,which had increased in size and number without obvious symptoms.Histopathological examination showed multiple enlarged intradermal cysts.The cyst wall consisted of one or two layers of flat or columnar cells.Decapitation secretion was seen in the inner layer cells,and the out layer of cysts was formed by flat or cubic myoepithelial cells.A diagnosis of apocrine hidrocystoma of the scrotum is made.
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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of primary suture of common bile duct and early intermittented clamping of T-tube.MethodsOne hundred and one cases underwent bile duct surgery were divided into three group by random digits table,in which 33 cases were performed with primary suture of common bile duct (group A),33 cases were applied of early intermittented clamping of T-tube (group B),the other 35 cases were clamped T-tube as in routine measures (group C).The efficacy was compared between three groups.ResultsThe postoperative intestinal function recovery time,fluid support,hospitalization time in group A and group B was (47.63 ± 12.42) h,(2.75 ± 0.27) L/d,(8.0 ± 0.3) d and (57.63 ± 14.15) h,(2.97 ±0.49) L/d,(10.0 ± 0.4) d,which was significantly decreased compared with those in group C [ ( 98.27 ± 30.35 ) h,( 3.63 ± 0.38 ) L/d,( 19.0 ± 1.1 ) d ] (P ＜ 0.05 ).Postoperative intestinal function recovery in group A was significantly increased compared with those in group B (P ＜ 0.05 ).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,Gamma-glutamine transferase,body temperature,white blood cell count,total bilirubin,postoperative biliary fistula,common bile duct residual stones,stenosis of the common bile duct had no significant differences among three groups (P ＞ 0.05). ConclusionsPrimary suture of common bile duct and early intermittented clamping of T-tube can accelerate recovery of intestinal function,avoid electrolyte disturbance,reducing fluids,electrolytes and nutrition support,reducing the length of stay and costs,it has changed the traditional way of surgical treatment of bile duct,and is safe,efficient,also has significance of clinical application.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and normal pressure oxygen inhalation for lung infection in patients with severe brain injury and tracheotomy.Methods Sixty lung infection patients with severe brain injury and tracheotomy were stratified by age and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score into an HBO group (30) and a conventional therapy group (30).Both groups were given treatments to reduce intracranial hypertension and protect the brain,surgery,antibiotics,and symptomatic and support therapy.In the conventional group the patients received oxygen therapy at normal oxygen pressure by tracheal cannula.In the HBO group,the patients received HBO therapy through self-made oxygen devices by the authors.The body temperature,cough and expectoration,respiratory sounds and white blood cell (WBC) count were compared between the groups.Results There were statistically significant differences in body temperature,cough and expectoration,respiratory sounds and the normalized time for the count and classification of WBC between the groups.Conclusion HBO had good treatment effectiveness for excretion and expectorant in lung infection patients with severe brain injury and tracheotomy.
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Objective This paper aims to find a best position of ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops by comparing earache occurred in hyperbaric oxygen(HBO )therapy while using ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops in two positions: laying in lateral position of 45°with head leaning back; laying down flat, so as to supply reference for prevention of earache. Methods We selected 300 cases of HBO patients who were firstly treated by HBO and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 150 cases in each group. All these patients were treated by large medical hyperbaric oxygen tank. On the first to third day, ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops were put into the patients before they were sent into the oxygen tank. Patients in the observation group lay in lateral position of 45°with their head leaning back, and those in the control group were in horizontal position. We put three drops of 1% of ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops respectively into their nasal cavity. When they came out of the oxygen tank, we asked them if they felt earache and checked their tympanic membrane so as to make a comparison. Results It was found that earache, rate of tympanic membrane injury and the extent of such injury in the observation group was obviously less than that in the control group, there was difference in statistics between these two groups. Conclusions Before HBO treatment, ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops that put in lateral position of 45°with patients head leaning back can reduce the possibilities of earache occurred in HBO. It was also observed that such position was an ideal one which had anatomical characteristics of Eustachian tube and was safer than laying down flat, so such position is more practical.